Terrace Gardening Success: Growing Brinjal (Eggplant) Varieties, Tips & Bountiful Harvests

Cultivating brinjal (eggplant) in a terrace garden is both rewarding and incredibly productive! In this video, discover how easy it can be to grow multiple varieties of brinjal at home, ensuring a steady supply of fresh produce for your kitchen and plenty to share with friends and neighbors. From round and long, to purple, green, and white, each type brings unique flavor and visual appeal to your garden and meals. This week’s harvest has been truly exceptional, with a basket overflowing with healthy, homegrown brinjeal—some even larger than past crops! Learn the best practices that have helped my brinjal plants thrive: from enriching the soil with organic compost, maintaining optimal moisture, and managing pests naturally, to using simple DIY containers for slow-release nutrition. I share my routine for nourishing the soil, including creating nutrient leachate by placing half-finished compost in bottles with holes at the base. As you water the bottles, nutrient-rich water seeps directly into the soil, providing a boost to brinjal roots. Over time, consistent mulching and the addition of homegrown compost have turned my garden beds into a rich, living ecosystem that supports healthy plant growth and abundant fruiting. Whether you're an urban gardener or have a small backyard, brinjal is an excellent crop to try. With the right temperature—not too hot and not too cold—these versatile plants can produce regularly and abundantly. Ready to grow your own bounty of brinjal? Buy high-quality seeds here: Sow Right Seeds - Black Beauty Eggplant Seed for Planting - Non-GMO Heirloom Packet with Instructions to Plant an Outdoor Home Vegetable Garden 👉 https://amzn.to/3JohLbA #ad Additional Content: Guide to Brinjal Varieties, Growth Needs, Time Periods, and Benefits (Not mentioned in the video) Types of Brinjal (Eggplant) You Can Grow Black Beauty (Large Purple) Shape & Color: Classic plump, deep purple variety. Growth Needs: Prefers full sun, fertile and well-drained soil, regular watering. Time to Harvest: 70–80 days from planting. Benefits: Versatile in cooking, rich in fiber and antioxidants. Long Green Brinjal Shape & Color: Slender and elongated, light to medium green. Growth Needs: Warm conditions, consistent moisture, regular feeding. Time to Harvest: 65–75 days. Benefits: Mild flavor, ideal for Indian stir-fries and curries. White Brinjal Shape & Color: Oval, smooth skin, pure white color. Growth Needs: Same as purple varieties, but benefits from some afternoon shade in very hot climates. Time to Harvest: 65–80 days. Benefits: Fewer seeds, tender flesh, and a subtle flavor. Round Purple or Green Brinjal Shape & Color: Small, spherical, vibrant violet or green. Growth Needs: Container-friendly, needs warmth and regular pruning. Time to Harvest: 60–70 days. Benefits: Great for grilling, roasting, or stuffing. Striped (Graffiti or Fairytale) Brinjal Shape & Color: Small, oblong or elongated with purple-and-white stripes. Growth Needs: Thrives in rich soil, moderate sun, and steady watering. Time to Harvest: 65–75 days. Benefits: Sweet, thin skin—no peeling required, cooks quickly. Key Growth Requirements for Brinjal Sunlight: Minimum 6-8 hours full sun daily for best yields. Temperature: Optimum range is 20–30°C (68–86°F); growth slows above 35°C or below 15°C. Soil: Well-drained, loamy or sandy soil enriched with compost or organic matter. A pH between 6.0–6.5 is ideal. Watering: Brinjal prefers evenly moist soil; avoid overwatering and always water at the base to reduce fungal problems. Nutrition: Incorporate compost and natural fertilizers. Top-dressing with homemade compost and mulching can significantly enhance soil fertility and retention of moisture. Space: Space plants at least 18-24 inches apart to ensure good airflow and sunlight penetration. Fruiting Duration: Under good care, a plant can yield consistently every 1-2 weeks for several months. Benefits of Homegrown Brinjal Health: Rich in fiber, vitamins (B1, B6, K), and antioxidants like nasunin and chlorogenic acid. Versatility: Usable in curries, grills, bakes, and snacks. Pest Resistance: Most brinjal varieties have some resistance to local pests if kept healthy and stress-free. Yields: With even a small patch, you can easily harvest 10-20 fruits per plant across a season. Eco-Friendly: Fewer food miles, no need for chemicals, and you recycle kitchen and garden waste into fertile soil. Brinjal Plant Care Tips Rotate crops annually to prevent pest and disease buildup. Mulch with straw or dried leaves to control weeds and keep soil temperature steady. Prune lower leaves and suckers to improve air flow. Inspect leaves regularly for pests like aphids or whiteflies; use neem oil or soap spray if necessary. Support heavy fruit branches with stakes to prevent breakage. #brinjal #growingfood #brinjalplants, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzRP0gsN_HU

Bountiful July Kitchen Garden Harvest: Brinjal, Bitter Gourd, Spinach & More!

Welcome to my July 2025 kitchen garden harvest! Join me as I showcase the latest bounty from my thriving terrace and ground-level garden beds. This season, the rains have brought lush growth, although some plants prefer drier spells. In today’s tour, I’ll share a glimpse of the beautiful vegetables I’ve gathered over the past few days. You’ll see a variety of fresh produce in my basket, grown organically right at home. Here’s what’s featured in this video: Bitter Gourd: Climbing vigorously on my terrace, several fruits are now ready for picking. Watch as I show you some bitter gourd still on the vine, and discuss the care these plentiful plants require during the rainy season. Brinjal (Eggplant): I harvested a glossy, healthy brinjal, with many more to come as the plants are in a productive fruiting phase. Multiple brinjal plants are thriving, blossoming with purple flowers and young fruits, promising a continuous supply over the coming weeks. I’m especially eager to try growing white brinjal next for variety! Spinach: A modest yet rewarding spinach harvest rounds out the haul. This leafy green is a steady favorite, though it prefers cooler weather. As the monsoon tapers and temperatures settle, I plan to sow even more spinach for an autumn-winter harvest. Whether you have a large backyard, a small balcony, or a rooftop space, homegrown vegetables can be a rewarding way to enjoy organic, pesticide-free produce right at your doorstep. Thinking of Starting or Expanding Your Own Kitchen Garden? Ready to sow your own seeds? Here’s a great resource to help you get started with a garden that thrives all year round: Buy vegetable seeds for winter and summer: Organo Republic 25 Winter Vegetable & Herb Garden Seeds Variety Pack for Outdoors & Indoor Home Gardening 👉 Buy vegetable seeds for winter and summer - Organo Republic 25 Winter Vegetable & Herb Garden Seeds Variety Pack for Outdoors & Indoor Home Gardening - https://amzn.to/456SpGq #ad Additional Content: A Beginner’s Guide to Growing Greens at Home (Not Covered in Video) If you are interested in broadening your kitchen garden, here are some popular leafy greens you can grow, their specific growth needs, time periods, and benefits: 1. Spinach Sowing Season: Best sown in cooler months (late monsoon through winter). Sun & Soil: Prefers rich, well-drained soil and partial to full sun. Watering: Keep consistently moist, but avoid waterlogging. Harvest: 4–6 weeks from sowing; pick outer leaves for cut-and-come-again. Benefits: High in iron, vitamin C, fiber; supports immunity and digestion. 2. Amaranth Sowing Season: Warm months, but will grow year-round in many regions. Sun & Soil: Full sun is best; tolerates average soil. Watering: Moderate, doesn’t like soggy feet. Harvest: 3–4 weeks for baby leaves, up to 8 weeks for larger leaves. Benefits: Packed with protein, calcium, antioxidants. 3. Fenugreek Sowing Season: Autumn to early summer. Sun & Soil: Thrives in a sunny spot and any well-drained soil. Watering: Light to moderate, avoid overwatering. Harvest: 2–3 weeks for microgreens; 4–5 weeks for leafy harvest. Benefits: Supports blood sugar control, rich in vitamins A and K. 4. Coriander Sowing Season: Spring and autumn for best flavor. Sun & Soil: Needs several hours of sun; loose, fertile soil. Watering: Regular, especially during hot spells. Harvest: 3–4 weeks from sowing (leaves). Benefits: High in vitamin C and beneficial antioxidants. 5. Lettuce (Various types) Sowing Season: Best in cool weather (autumn/winter). Sun & Soil: Partial shade in very hot climates; loose, fertile soil. Watering: Frequent, shallow watering. Harvest: Ready in 4–6 weeks depending on type. Benefits: Good source of vitamins A, K; low in calories, hydrating. 6. Kale Sowing Season: Late monsoon to spring. Sun & Soil: Full sun to partial shade, rich soil. Watering: Regular; keep soil consistently moist. Harvest: Baby leaves in 30 days; mature in 60 days. Benefits: One of the most nutrient-dense greens per calorie—vitamins K, C, calcium, and more. General Growth Tips for Greens: Most leafy greens prefer cooler temperatures and will bolt or turn bitter if it gets too hot. For terrace or urban gardens, choose shallow but wide containers for leafy greens. Use compost or vermicompost for organic nutrients; mulch to retain soil moisture. Sow small quantities at intervals (succession planting) for a steady supply. Benefits of Growing Your Own Greens: Assurance of pesticide-free, fresh produce. Cost-effective—get more greens for less. Improved health: higher vitamin and mineral content when harvested fresh. Gardening reduces stress and adds joy to home life. Tags #KitchenGarden #TerraceGarden #Brinjal #Spinach #BitterGourd #okra Affiliate Disclosure: This description contains an affiliate link. If you purchase through this link, I may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qASBAmVfBBo

Why I Keep My Dead Tomato Plant (Gardening Hack!)

In this quick video, I explain why this seemingly dead tomato plant is still playing an important role in my kitchen garden. Even though there are no leaves, no fruit, and definitely no chance of a zombie tomato uprising, its old stems and roots are doing a valuable job. They're helping to bind the potting mix together, acting like a natural anchor for the soil in the bucket. This is super important because it prevents the precious soil from being completely dried out by the sun or blown away by the wind, especially if your pots are in an exposed spot. My plan? I'll only remove this old soldier when I have a brand new plant or sapling ready to take its place. That way, I can minimize soil disturbance. When the time comes, I'll gently remove the old plant, refresh the soil with some lovely homemade compost (full of new nutrients!), and then pop in its successor. It’s all about smart transitions in the garden and making sure our soil stays happy and healthy for the next round of yummy veggies! #plant #tomato #tomatoplants #kitchengarden Thinking of growing your own tomatoes? 🍅 Buy Seeds: Sow Right Seeds - Beefsteak Tomato Seeds for Planting - https://amzn.to/40asig0 (#ad - As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.) Let's Connect! Additional Content Not Mentioned in the Video: Your Guide to Growing Delicious and Easy Leafy Greens! While my video focuses on a clever little trick for managing an old tomato plant, many of you might be wondering what to plant next, especially if you love having fresh, homegrown goodness right at your fingertips. Leafy greens are a fantastic choice! They are relatively easy to grow, many are quick to mature, and they pack a nutritional punch. Plus, there's nothing quite like snipping fresh leaves for a salad or a stir-fry straight from your own pot or garden patch. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa): The Salad Staple Details about the plant: Lettuce is a cool-season annual grown for its tender leaves, which form either a looseleaf bunch, a tight head (like iceberg), or a more upright, elongated head (like romaine). It's a garden classic for a reason! Spinach (Spinacia oleracea): The Power Green Details about the plant: A cool-season annual prized for its dark green, nutritious leaves. It can be smooth-leafed or have crinkled (savoy) leaves. Varieties: 'Bloomsdale Long Standing' (savoy), 'Tyee' (semi-savoy, bolt-resistant), 'Regiment' (smooth-leaf, good for baby leaf). Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica): The Hardy Superfood Details about the plant: A member of the cabbage family, kale is a very hardy biennial (often grown as an annual) known for its incredibly nutritious, often curly or frilly leaves. Varieties: 'Lacinato' (Dinosaur or Tuscan kale – dark blue-green, bumpy leaves), 'Red Russian' (flat, frilly leaves with purple stems), 'Dwarf Blue Curled Vates' (very curly, compact). Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla): The Rainbow Leaf Details about the plant: A leafy green in the same family as beets, grown for its large, tender leaves and colourful, fleshy stalks (petioles). Varieties: 'Bright Lights' (stems in a rainbow of colours – red, yellow, orange, pink, white), 'Fordhook Giant' (green leaves, white stems), 'Ruby Red' (red stems and veins)., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZz7Hnx2taA

Cosmos Sensation Germination Success: Wet Tissue Method & Transplanting Guide (Part 2)

🌱 Welcome back to part 2 of my gardening journey with Cosmos Sensation flowers, where I'm documenting the process of growing beautiful summer blooms from seeds. If you missed part 1, you can watch it here: https://youtu.be/JEXyzJwxRqg In that earlier video, I demonstrated how to germinate Cosmos seeds using the wet tissue method. 🌼 Checking on Seedlings After 13 Days I planted these Cosmos Sensation seeds 13 days ago using the method shown in part 1. Unfortunately, I couldn’t check on them earlier because I had a cold, cough, and some fever, which delayed my transplanting plans. But today, I finally opened the container, and I’m happy to report that most of the seeds have successfully germinated! The germination rate looks excellent — a testament to both the seed quality and the method. 🌿 How to Transplant Cosmos Seedlings Correctly Once your seedlings have sprouted, the next step is transplanting them into a seedling tray or directly into soil pots. I’m using a seedling tray with large holes to give each plant space to grow strong roots. For each hole, I plan to plant two seedlings — this gives them room to grow without crowding. Now comes the careful part — removing the seedlings from the tissue. These young sprouts are delicate, and the root systems are still small. Avoid pulling them harshly, or you risk damaging the root. Instead, gently lift the seedling from the tissue with soft tugging or use tweezers or the edge of a spoon if needed. When you examine the roots, you'll see that they’re just starting to develop, which means this is the perfect time to transplant. Waiting too long can cause roots to grow into the tissue, making them harder to extract safely. 🌸 [Affiliate Link: Cosmos Flower Seeds] If you'd like to grow your own Cosmos Sensation plants, I recommend starting with a good-quality seed mix like this: 🌼 Buy – Cosmos Seeds for Planting Outdoors Flower Seeds (4 Variety Pack). Includes Cosmos Candystripe, Sensation Mix, Dazzler, Purity Pink and White Varieties 👉 https://amzn.to/3IdlOmQ #ad 🌿 Additional Content (Not Covered in the Video) 🌺 About Cosmos Sensation Cosmos Sensation (Cosmos bipinnatus) is a summer-flowering annual plant popular for its feathery foliage and bright, daisy-like flowers. They are easy to grow, even in poor soil, and bloom profusely through the summer months. Height: Up to 4–5 feet Bloom Colors: Pink, white, crimson, and bicolor Sun Requirements: Full sun Soil Preference: Well-drained, even sandy soil Maintenance: Minimal – deadheading improves blooming These flowers are especially attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies, making them a valuable addition to any garden. 🌱 Other Easy-to-Grow Summer Flowers If you enjoy growing Cosmos, here are other beginner-friendly summer flowers that also thrive from seed: Zinnias – Bright, heat-tolerant, and bloom quickly Marigolds – Hardy, pest-repellent, great in borders Sunflowers – Tall, bold, and loved by pollinators Portulaca (Moss Rose) – Perfect for dry, sunny areas Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower) – Big blooms and bird-friendly These flowers share a few things in common: they're vibrant, grow well in containers or garden beds, and can all be started using the wet tissue method for faster germination. 💧 Wet Tissue Method – Recap & Benefits This a seed-starting technique that uses a moist, enclosed environment to simulate natural germination conditions. It's particularly useful when starting seeds indoors. Steps Recap: Use a clean food container with a clear lid Line it with tissue or paper towel Mist lightly with water (do not over-soak) Spread seeds evenly, without overlap Cover and place in a warm area Monitor daily for sprouting Why It Works: Keeps humidity consistent Allows visual monitoring of germination Prevents fungal issues common in overwatered soil Can jumpstart seed sprouting by 3–5 days compared to traditional soil methods Once sprouted, the seedlings can be carefully moved to seed trays or pots. 🧤 Tips for Healthy Cosmos Seedlings Sunlight: After transplanting, ensure they get 4–6 hours of bright indirect light per day until stronger Watering: Water from below to prevent dampening the stems Feeding: A mild liquid fertilizer once they develop true leaves Hardening Off: Gradually expose seedlings to outdoor conditions before full transplanting #CosmosSensation #SeedGermination #WetTissueMethod #CosmosFlowers #SummerFlowers #HomeGardening #FlowerSeeds #DIYGarden #GardeningTips #IndoorGermination 🎯 Conclusion Growing flowers from seed — especially stunning varieties like Cosmos Sensation — is deeply satisfying and budget-friendly. Using simple tools and the wet tissue method, you can reliably germinate seeds and transplant them into thriving, blooming plants. Whether you're an experienced gardener or just getting started, this method is accessible, fun, and rewarding. Let your garden burst into color this summer with Cosmos and other easy-to-grow flowers!, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsqk-H-1VDI

How to Germinate Cosmos Sensation Seeds Using Wet Tissue Method | Easy Flower Growing Guide - Part 1

Growing Cosmos Sensation from Seeds: A Beginner-Friendly Guide In this video, I share my journey of growing Cosmos Sensation flowers from seeds using the wet tissue method. Previously, I purchased flower seedlings from nurseries, but I decided to try growing flowers from seeds, just as I do with vegetables. With a packet of Cosmos Sensation Mixed seeds in hand, I embarked on this gardening experiment. 🛠️ Materials Needed To start, gather the following items: Cosmos Sensation Mixed Seeds (ideal for summer planting) Scissors (to open the seed packet) Paper for labeling A clean, transparent plastic food container Tissues or paper towels A spray bottle or waste bottle with holes in the cap (for gentle watering) 🌱 Step-by-Step Germination Process Prepare the Container: Line the bottom of the clean plastic container with tissues or paper towels. Moisten the Tissue: Using the spray bottle, lightly mist the tissue until it's moist but not soaking wet. Overwatering can cause the tissue to disintegrate and may drown the seeds. Place the Seeds: Cosmos seeds are elongated. Gently place them on the moist tissue, ensuring they don't overlap. Label and Cover: Label the container with the seed type and date. Then, cover the container with its lid to maintain humidity. Monitor and Wait: Place the container in a warm, shaded area. Check daily for signs of germination, which typically occurs within 7-10 days. 🌼 Additional Information on Cosmos Sensation and the Wet Tissue Method (This section provides more insights beyond the video content). 🌿 About Cosmos Sensation Cosmos Sensation (Cosmos bipinnatus) is a popular annual flower known for its vibrant colors and ease of growth. Native to Mexico, it's well-suited for warm climates and thrives in full sun with well-drained soil. The plant produces large, daisy-like flowers in shades of pink, white, and crimson, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Key Features: Bloom Time: Mid-summer to fall Height: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Spacing: 12–18 inches apart Soil Preference: Well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline Sunlight: Full sun (at least 6 hours daily) Regular deadheading (removal of spent flowers) encourages continuous blooming. Additionally, pinching back the stems when the plant is young promotes bushier growth. 💧 Advantages of the Wet Tissue Germination Method The wet tissue method is a simple and effective way to germinate seeds, especially for beginners. It allows for easy monitoring of seed progress and conserves space. This method is particularly useful for seeds that require consistent moisture and warmth to germinate. Tips for Success: Temperature: Maintain a warm environment (around 70–75°F or 21–24°C) to encourage germination. Moisture: Keep the tissue consistently moist but not waterlogged. Transplanting: Once seeds sprout and develop small roots, carefully transfer them to soil to continue growing. This method not only improves germination rates but also reduces the risk of seedling diseases by allowing you to select the healthiest sprouts for planting. 🔖 Suggested Tags #CosmosSensation #SeedGermination #WetTissueMethod #FlowerGardening #CosmosFlowers #GardeningTips #EasyGardening #SummerBlooms #DIYGardening #HomeGardening By following these steps and tips, you can successfully grow beautiful Cosmos Sensation flowers from seeds, adding vibrant colors to your garden throughout the summer. #cosmosflower #germination #growingflowers #seeds Buy - Cosmos Seeds for Planting Outdoors Flower Seeds (4 Variety Pack) Cosmos Candystripe, Sensation Mix, Dazzler, Purity Pink and White Varieties - https://amzn.to/3IdlOmQ #ad, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEXyzJwxRqg

Harvesting Fresh Lettuce from My Kitchen Garden 🥬 | Easy Homegrown Salad Greens

There’s something truly rewarding about growing your own food at home. Today, I’m harvesting some fresh lettuce straight from my kitchen garden—just the right amount for a delicious, crisp salad 🥗. When your greens grow just steps away from your kitchen, mealtime becomes a whole new experience. A few weeks ago, I planted a variety of lettuce types in my garden. I may not know exactly which variety this one is, but that’s the fun part—you get to enjoy whatever grows, straight from nature! No labels, no plastic packaging, no chemicals—just fresh, healthy leaves. Today, I’m using these lettuce leaves to make a simple and healthy green salad, mixing in some chopped tomato, onion, boiled egg, a few other veggies, and just a squeeze of lemon. I usually skip the dressing because when your greens are fresh, they don’t need anything extra. ________________________________________ 🧑‍🌾 Why Grow Your Own Lettuce (and Other Greens)? • ✅ Healthier Choice: You know exactly what’s going into your food—no pesticides, no chemicals. • ✅ Saves Money: A few seeds can give you weeks of fresh greens. No need to keep buying from the store. • ✅ Always Fresh: Harvest what you need, when you need it. No waste, no spoilage. • ✅ Fun & Relaxing: Gardening is a peaceful, screen-free hobby that’s perfect for all ages. • ✅ Organic by Default: I use only homemade compost and organic additives—no fancy fertilizers required. You don’t need a big backyard or a fancy setup. Kitchen gardening works even in small spaces—a balcony, terrace, or even a windowsill can support lettuce, herbs, and other salad greens. ________________________________________ 🛒 Want to Start Your Own Salad Garden? Try this: 🌱 Salad Greens Lettuce Seeds – Heirloom, 10 Pack, Indoor/Outdoor Planting 👉 https://amzn.to/3xU1UIN (affiliate link – supports this channel) ________________________________________ 📺 More Helpful YouTube Videos on Harvesting Lettuce from Kitchen Gardens: All of these videos are currently active and highly rated by kitchen gardening enthusiasts: 1. Maximize Harvesting Lettuce With The Cut and Come Again Method 🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkvNU6dG0pA 2. How to Grow Lettuce from Seed in Containers | from Seed to Harvest 🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a63SIe5EfWg 3. How to Harvest Romaine Lettuce 🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LoKk1JGLzo 4. Planting Lettuce in Containers and a Spotlight Garden Tour 🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKiSB9a7-HU These videos are perfect for anyone wanting to get started or improve their homegrown greens. #growingfood #kitchengarden #harvestlettuce #saladgreens #lettuce, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRyyaN64Dbk

Why I Grow Flowers in My Terrace Garden Alley | Boost Pollinators & Beauty

Welcome to a quick walk through the flower-filled alley of my terrace garden! I call it an "alley" because there’s a narrow path running between rows of buckets, grow bags, and containers on both sides — making it a cozy, plant-packed zone in my rooftop garden. In earlier years, my focus was mostly on growing vegetables, and flowers were just a nice-to-have. But over the past couple of years, I’ve intentionally started planting more flowers alongside the veggies — and the results have been beautiful and beneficial. 🌼 Why I Include Flowers Now: • They brighten up the garden, especially when vegetables are still growing. • Flowers bloom early and keep the space lively. • Most importantly, they attract pollinators like bees, which help with vegetable production. • Flowers like Cosmos also bring in beneficial insects like ladybugs, which help keep pests like aphids under control. This small change has added both color and purpose to my terrace garden — making it more biodiverse, pollinator-friendly, and visually uplifting. #terracegardenflowers #growflowerswithvegetables #vegetablesandflowers Get a pack of different flower seeds for your garden - Seeds for Planting Flowers: 8 Bulk Variety Packets Zinnia, Nasturtium, Marigold, Purple Coneflower, Cosmos, Calendula, Bachelor's Button & Sunflower Seeds - https://amzn.to/43wJejt #ad, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWmDsvBD3fg